A Cross-Sectional Study of the Effect of Pregnancy on the Foot Arch Index of Women
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.1103-10-297Keywords:
Biomechanics, Flat Foot, Foot Arch Index, Foot Health, PregnancyAbstract
Background: Pregnancy induces some changes in the musculoskeletal system. Few studies have investigated these changes, especially their effects on foot structures.
Objective: To examine the effect of pregnancy on women's foot arch index and determine the relationship between the foot arch index (FAI), Body Mass Index, and the gestational age of pregnant women.
Methods: A cross-sectional examination of a sample of 118 pregnant, 101 nulliparous, and 101 non-pregnant women (who had been previously pregnant) was conducted. Footprints were obtained using the Ink and Plain Paper method, and foot arch indices were obtained from their footprints.
Results: The study revealed a statistically significant difference (p <0.001) in FAI between pregnant and non-pregnant women, with pregnant women exhibiting a higher average FAI. A positive linear correlation (r = 0.354, p < 0.001) was observed between BMI and FAI in pregnant women, indicating that higher BMI was associated with an increased FAI. Also, a statistically significant relationship between gestational age and FAI was observed among pregnant women (r = 0.231, p = 0.012). Altered FAI resulting from pregnancy persisted post-pregnancy. Age and weight were predictors of flat feet during pregnancy, whereas gestational age was not associated with the odds of flat feet.
Conclusion: Pregnancy induces significant changes in the foot arch. These changes persist beyond the pregnancy period. It is essential to monitor and address foot arch alterations during and after pregnancy, thus emphasising the need for appropriate interventions to mitigate potential discomfort and functional limitations in pregnant women and beyond.
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